Nature of Korea, Hallasan, Jeju Island
This is a blog that provides travel information about historical sites and Natural in Korea.
The Highest Peak in South Korea, Hallasan
Hallasan, standing tall in the heart of Jeju Island, is South Korea's tallest peak, reaching an impressive 1,947 meters. This majestic mountain is a stratovolcano that came to life around 1.8 million years ago, thanks to some volcanic fireworks. At its summit sits Baengnokdam, a serene crater lake, 500 meters wide and 108 meters deep, surrounded by over 360 parasitic cones giving the landscape an almost otherworldly feel.
The mountain isn’t just a geological wonder it’s a botanical treasure trove too. Hallasan’s diverse plant life transforms with the seasons: think vibrant azaleas in spring, fiery autumn leaves, and a winter wonderland covered in snow. As a UNESCO World Natural Heritage site, Hallasan is a symbol of the need to protect our natural wonders.
For adventurers looking to explore, Hallasan offers two main hiking trails: the Seongpanak Trail and the Gwaneumsa Trail. Each one offers a unique journey through the mountain's breathtaking beauty whether you're chasing the perfect view or simply soaking in the natural splendor.
[Table of Contents]
2. The Volcanic Landscape and Formation of Hallasan
3. Vegetation and Ecology of Hallasan Mountain
4. Cultural and Historical Significance
1. Introduction to Hallasan
Hallasan, located at the center of Jeju Island, is the highest mountain in South Korea, standing at an elevation of 1,947 meters. It is a stratovolcano formed around 1.8 million years ago through volcanic activity and is a symbol of South Korea's natural beauty and ecological diversity.
At the summit of Hallasan lies Baengnokdam, a crater lake approximately 500 meters in diameter and 108 meters deep. Baengnokdam is one of Hallasan's iconic features, with its name rooted in legends and etymology. One of the most popular explanations is that "Baengnok" means "white deer," inspired by the frequent sightings of white deer in the area, which leave a lasting impression on visitors. In addition to the crater lake, the volcanic terrain includes over 360 parasitic cones, creating a distinctive landscape.
Hallasan's diverse plant species range from lowland to alpine zones, showcasing breathtaking seasonal changes. The azaleas in spring, autumn foliage, and snow-covered scenery in winter are particularly renowned. Designated as a UNESCO World Natural Heritage site, Hallasan represents the importance of conservation and preservation, drawing visitors to experience its natural wonders.
2. The Volcanic Landscape and Formation of Hallasan
Hallasan is a stratovolcano formed approximately 25,000 years ago through volcanic eruptions. Located at the center of Jeju Island, it boasts unique and stunning landscapes.
At the summit of Hallasan lies Baengnokdam, a crater lake with a diameter of about 600 meters and a depth of around 100 meters. This lake offers a mesmerizing natural scene, with its water levels changing with the seasons. Baengnokdam is one of the most iconic features symbolizing Hallasan's volcanic activity.
The slopes of Hallasan transition from its midsection to the base into gently inclined foothills. These areas are known for their agricultural and livestock industries and are home to grasslands and a wide variety of native plant species, contributing significantly to the region's ecological diversity.
Jeju Island is dotted with approximately 368 parasitic cones, locally called "oreum." Each oreum has its own unique shape and height, serving as evidence of Hallasan's ancient volcanic activities while adding to the island’s distinct natural charm.
Hallasan is not only geologically significant but also a symbol of the harmonious coexistence between nature and humans, leaving a lasting impression on all who visit.
3. Vegetation and Ecology of Hallasan Mountain
Hallasan Mountain boasts a unique ecosystem that spans subtropical, temperate, and subarctic climate zones, with distinct vegetation distribution based on elevation.
- Below 600m: This area reflects a warmer climate, supporting subtropical plants like oak and camphor trees.
- 600m to 1,400m: In this zone, temperate forests dominate, with dense coniferous trees such as pine, fir, and spruce.
- Above 1,400m: Subarctic plants, including azaleas and the endemic Hallasan dolchae, thrive in this highland area.
This variety of plant life across different altitudes makes Hallasan an ecologically significant area and a symbol of Jeju Island’s biodiversity.
4. Cultural and Historical Significance
As South Korea’s highest peak, Hallasan holds immense cultural and historical value. Formed by volcanic activity about 1.8 million years ago, Hallasan is a stratovolcano known for its ecological diversity, earning it a UNESCO World Natural Heritage designation. It is also home to many endemic plant and animal species.
Historically, Hallasan has been revered as a sacred mountain. Ceremonial practices, such as the mountain deity rituals (San-shin-je), have been passed down through generations. Hallasan is deeply intertwined with the lives and culture of the people of Jeju, representing a significant cultural asset of the island.
Thus, Hallasan is not only a breathtaking natural wonder but also a spiritual and cultural symbol that continues to inspire and captivate people.
5.Hallasan Hiking Trails
Hallasan is a beloved mountain that attracts hikers year-round, offering various trails, each with its unique charm. The main trails include Seongpanak, Gwaneumsa, and Eorimok/Yeongsil, each providing different scenic experiences.
- Seongpanak Trail : The Seongpanak Trail is the longest and most popular route to the summit of Hallasan, leading to the iconic Baengnokdam crater. The total length is about 9.6 km, and the round-trip time is approximately 8-9 hours. This trail is relatively gentle, making it a favorite among hikers.
- Gwaneumsa Trail : The Gwaneumsa Trail, approximately 8.7 km long, also leads to Baengnokdam. It is steeper and more challenging, requiring more stamina, but offers a rewarding experience through lush forests and beautiful natural scenery.
- Eorimok/Yeongsil Trail : The Eorimok/Yeongsil Trail doesn’t reach the summit but provides stunning views from the midsection of Hallasan. It’s a shorter and lighter hike, perfect for those seeking a less strenuous experience while still enjoying the mountain’s beauty.
6. Conclusion
Hallasan: The Symbol of Jeju Island and Guardian of Nature
Hallasan was designated a national park in 1970, and since then, strict measures for environmental protection and ecosystem conservation have been implemented. The Korea Forest Service and Jeju Island authorities have strengthened environmental protection policies to ensure sustainable tourism, providing proper guidelines for hikers.
However, Hallasan is more than just a mountain. It is a symbolic place that represents the history, culture, and natural environment of Jeju Island, making it a true icon of the region. To preserve Hallasan for future generations, continuous attention and effort are necessary. Cooperation from hikers and responsible actions are the first steps toward protecting this beautiful nature. Every time we visit Hallasan, we should deeply appreciate its value and the importance of safeguarding it, as all of us must contribute to its protection.
