UNESCO World Heritage, Seokguram

This is a blog providing information on tourism, culture, and travel in South Korea.

UNESCO World Heritage Site 'Seokguram Grotto'

Seokguram Grotto, located on Mount Toham in Gyeongju, South Korea, is a Buddhist art masterpiece created during the Unified Silla period by Kim Dae-seong. The grotto features intricate Buddhist sculptures and decorations, demonstrating advanced architectural and carving techniques. Designated as National Treasure No. 24 and inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1995 alongside Bulguksa Temple, Seokguram is considered the pinnacle of Silla Buddhist art. It uniquely blends architecture, engineering, religion, and artistry, symbolizing the harmony between Buddhism and Korean culture.


[Table of Contents]

1. Introduction to Seokguram

2. History of Seokguram

3. Structure of Seokguram

4. Cultural Significance

5. Temple Stay

6. Conclusion


1. Introduction to Seokguram

Seokguram, located on Mount Toham in Gyeongju, South Korea, is a symbol of Silla's Buddhist spirit and a significant cultural treasure. Built in 751 AD by Kim Dae-seong during the Unified Silla period, it combines architectural mastery with intricate sculptures. Designated as National Treasure No. 24, Seokguram was inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1995, alongside Bulguksa Temple.

Seokguram

  • Directions: 238 Seokguram-ro, Gyeongju-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do
  • Admission Fee: Free
  • Operating Hours: 09:00 AM ~ 05:00 PM

 

2. History of Seokguram

  • Construction: Seokguram was initiated by Kim Dae-seong in 751 AD and completed in 774 AD. It was originally named ‘Seokbulsa’.
  • Decline: After the Goryeo Dynasty's rise, Seokguram's significance waned, though restoration efforts took place during the Joseon period.
  • Japanese Colonial Era: During Japanese rule, Seokguram suffered from improper restoration, weakening the structure.
  • Modern Restoration: In the 1960s, the Korean government began restoration, addressing moisture issues with modern techniques, but entry into the interior is restricted.

 

3. Structure of Seokguram

  • Architecture: Seokguram consists of an antechamber, passage, and main chamber with a unique dome structure that distributes weight evenly.
  • Materials and Construction: Made of granite, the grotto features precise block alignment, sophisticated ventilation, and lighting.
  • Main Chamber Design: The dome supports the central Buddha statue, symbolizing the Buddhist cosmos with surrounding figures of bodhisattvas and arhats.


4. Artistry of Seokguram

Seokguram is a masterpiece of Buddhist art from the 8th century, featuring a 3.5-meter Buddha statue facing the sea, symbolizing peace. The interior is a cave-like structure with keystone techniques and sculptural representations of Buddhist teachings. The grotto connects nature, humanity, and divinity, reflecting the Silla period's religious philosophy.

 

5. Value of Seokguram

Seokguram, along with Bulguksa Temple, is a UNESCO World Heritage site, showcasing exceptional Buddhist artistry. The main Buddha statue represents harmony between nature and Silla, while the structural design integrates Buddhist teachings and nature, holding immense historical and cultural value.

 

6. Conclusion

Seokguram, with its finely crafted sculptures and architectural design, reflects the spiritual and artistic achievements of the Unified Silla period. Designated as a National Treasure and a UNESCO World Heritage site, it stands as a testament to the deep faith and cultural heritage of Korea.

Location: Korea Seokguram

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